- Caregiving Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs
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- Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs Procedures
This page has a list of caregiver supplies for you and for your patients. Some of them are essential while others will make your duties easier.
4647823 Spot Vital Sign w/NIBP & Temp Ea Welch-Allyn -420TB-E1 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 Rolling Stand for Mindray Vs-800 (Dpm3) Vital Sign Monitor with Concave Base (concave base). On the battlefield, changes in vital signs can indicate if a soldier is injured, alerting medics more quickly than a radio call. The BioHarness continuously transmits data to the rescue vehicle and field hospital so that when the injured soldier arrives, doctors are up-to-date on the patient’s medical status.
GearVital signIncontinenceBedrestLimited mobilityPPEOtherPurchasePin
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Caregiver Gear
Caregiver scrubs buying tips -If you work in a facility, these are usually a requirement. They often have to be a certain color to match your position in the field. With all of the different kinds and brands, which ones do you choose? If you give care at home, these can be useful for you as well. They are comfortable, affordable, and easy to clean and maintain.
Caregiver shoes buying tips - No matter who you are or where you work, if you have feet, you have to have a pair of these. Getting the right ones do wonders for your feet and physical health in general. What kind is best for your situation? Click to read my suggestions and recommendation. Don't worry, they are mildly affordable and well worth the price.
How to kill earth elemental witcher 3. Smart watch buyer's guide for caregivers - This is a simple buyer's guide for those interested in owning a smart watch. If you don't know what they are or have any interest in purchasing one, you should find answers to some questions you may have here. I use the Samsung gear fit 2 which is my personal recommendation.
How to use a stethoscope - As a registered nurse (RN), this piece of equipment is a must have. I carry mine with me everywhere. They are extremely useful for other types of caregivers as well. It is a tool of many uses from listening to heart sounds, lung sounds, and bowel sounds, to things such as checking a manual blood pressure. How do you use one and which one do I recommend? Click to find out.
Vital Signs Equipment
How to use a pulse oximeter - When I was a certified nursing assistant (CNA), this little device was always with me. They are used not only to check your patient's pulse rate, they also give an oxygen saturation reading. Using and understanding one could not be simpler. That's not to mention how affordable and portable they are. If you don't already own one, I highly recommend it.
Blood pressure measurement basics - In order to check your patient's blood pressure, you used to have to do it manually. While many may argue that is still the best way to check it, there is a much easier way to do it. A sphygmomanometer machine makes this process easy and affordable enough for anyone to check even themselves. Just don't try to pronounce it.
How to check body temperature - Probably the most common vital sign device found in your average household is a thermometer. Is yours an older and outdated model or do you even own one? If you do, are you using it properly? That may sound like a silly question at first but you can't be too sure, especially with our body temperature having such a narrow therapeutic range.
Heart monitor basics and Troubleshooting - If you work in a hospital, there's a good chance your patients are wearing one of these. They constantly monitor heart rate and rhythm. There may even be a telemetry unit that constantly watches for changes in the status of your patients. If you are unfamiliar with how to set up and troubleshoot one of these machines, this page will help.
How to check a blood glucose - If your patient is a diabetic, it's a good idea to have a glucometer handy. These simple and easy to use devices are used to check their blood glucose (or blood sugar). Whether it is high or low, it needs to be addressed. If you are unsure on how to use one of these machines, click the link.
Incontinence Supplies
Adult diaper changing - For patients who are incontinent of either urine or stool, these are a must. I prefer to call them a brief in order to help maintain the patient's dignity, but whatever you call them, they serve the same purpose. Putting one on and changing them can be a little tricky at first, but this page should help make the process a little easier.
Incontinence pad uses - Not only is this pad useful to save the bed linens of patients who are incontinent, it also has other uses such as pulling up and turning them. It is pretty much a staple to have one on almost every bed where I work, but they can and should be used everywhere. Their usefulness is mind boggling.
Applying barrier cream - This cream is useful to treat and prevent bed sores from forming on your patients. If they are incontinent, they are prone to getting them due to moisture staying on their bare skin for long periods of time. Although it is messy, the trade off is worth it. Bed sores can be a hefty nuisance and even fatal if not treated properly.
What is a bladder scanner and how to use one - It is an ultrasound machine that uses sound waves to scan a patient's bladder to determine how muchurinethey have inside. This is typically done if there is suspicion that they are retaining urine which can cause serious issues such as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or even bladder rupture if not treated. Click for step by step instructions.
Bedrest Supplies
Purple Mattress Review - Best Bed for Caregivers? - This is my personal purple mattress review. Is this the best bed for caregivers and their patients? The short answer is absolutely. Note that this review is primarily for the original purple bed, which is the one I own and use. I also own and recommend other purple branded products.
Sequential compression device (SCD) info and tips - These machines can literally make the difference between life and death for patients who are on bedrest. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are terms that should not be taken lightly. They help prevent such issues from happening and should be used often if recommended by a physician.
What are ted hose? - These leg stockings are an alternative to SCDs when it comes to the prevention of DVT and PE. Depending on your patient, they may be a better solution. I've even known physicians to recommend using both. Putting them on and taking them off can be a challenge but this page should help with those issues.
What are heel protectors / Heel Boots? - These bulky and awkward pieces of equipment may look silly and make your patient uncomfortable, but are necessary in some cases. They help treat and prevent bed sores that can form on your patient's heels while they are on bedrest. Despite how much they may hate them, they are worth using in the long run.
How to use an incentive spirometer (IS) - If you've ever been admitted to a hospital, there's a good chance you've seen one of these. It may look like a complicated little device but it is actually quite simple to use. These instructions are written so that caregivers, as well as their patients, can understand them.
Bedpan help and Tips - These simple looking devices are a must for patients who are on bedrest. They can be used when your patient has to urinate or have a bowel movement. Setting it up for use without making a mess can be a little tricky at first, but this page goes over a few tips and tricks to make the process much more manageable.
How to use a urinal - For male patients, and even female patients in some cases, these handy little bottles can be a life saver and are well worth the investment. They make it easy for them to urinate anywhere and everywhere. They also have the added bonus of keeping up with their amount of output for those who are on strict intake and output (I&O).
Foley catheter basic info and tips - Many patients, especially ones admitted into ahospital, will often have a foley catheter inserted into their bladder. This device can be especially useful for patients withincontinenceor patients onbedrest. They are also used with acontinuous bladder irrigation.
Limited Mobility Supplies
Using a bed alarm or chair alarm - This device has saved many patients who are a fall risk from falling. In some facilities, they are already programmed into the beds, while others can be used on any type of bed. Chair alarms are similar and just as useful for patients who are sitting in a standard chair or wheelchair. Don't hesitate to get and use these. They can save your patient from serious injury or even death.
Call light info, help, and tips - These devices are usually in the form of a remote control. While they are used by patients primarily to call for assistance, they may have other uses as well such as turning lights and televisions on and off or adjusting the head of the bed. Although they are mainly used in facilities, they can also be used at home. Make sure they keep them close and listen out for them.
Bedside commode (BSC) help - This piece of equipment is useful for patients who are mobile enough to get out of bed, but aren't quite able to make it to the bathroom. Setting one up and assisting your patient to use one can feel a little clunky at first, but this page will give some tips and tricks to make the process simpler. They also have a few extra uses as well.
How to use a sara stedy - This complicated looking piece of equipment can be a little intimidating at first glance, but it's usefulness is remarkable. For patients who can sit up but have difficulty walking, this device will allow them to be maneuvered to wherever they need to go whether it be the bed, chair, or even the toilet. Although it is a little pricey, it can be well worth the investment for your patient.
How to use a z-slider patient transfer sheet - It is used similarly to the way a draw sheet or anincontinence padcan be used to helpreposition or transfer a patient. It was made by the company Sandel. Their slogan is: 'Leaders in healthcare safety' They have multiple products that were made for the medical field.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The basics of wearing medical gloves - These are arguably the most widely used of items of all when it comes to medical supplies. I can't imagine how many I've gone through myself throughout the years. There's a good reason for that. They protect your hands from the many different contaminants we come into contact with as caregivers. Make sure to keep a box around at all times. You never know when you'll need them.
Isolation gown tips - These protective gowns may be used primarily during surgical procedures, but their usefulness reaches far beyond that. Wearing them is often a requirement if your patient is on contact precautions. I've also used them simply to stay clean and dry while doing potentially messy tasks such as giving a bed bath.
How to use a surgical mask - Although the name implies that they are used only in surgical procedures, they can be used by anyone anywhere. Like isolation gowns, they are also often a requirement if your patient is on a certain form of precautions such as droplet. They should also be utilized while doing other tasks such as changing certain dressings or if someone has something contagious such as the flu.
Other
The Electronic Caregiver In Depth Overview - The world is in dire need of more and more of people like you and me as the years go by. Because of the aging baby boomers, by 2030, it is estimated that a third of the population in the United States will be 65 and older. The Electronic Caregiver company is already preparing for this with their innovative products.
What is Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG)? - This is a special kind of soap that has been used for years inhospitalsand similar facilities to clean specific areas in preparation for surgery and other procedures. This page also explains step by step how to give a Chlorhexidine shower and bed bath.
Medbox by AmeriPharma In Depth Overview - This page explains what Medbox by AmeriPharma is and if their service is right for you or your loved one. To simplify the format of this article, it is written as if you are the patient interested in signing up for yourself.
Purchasing Online
Links to purchase these items online are directly below as well as many of the other pages this one links to. Simply use the search box to find something more specific. You can also visit this caregiver store for a quick list of common caregiver supplies that can be delivered right to your door. Be sure to post any question you have in a comment down below.
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Tools equipment and paraphernalia for taking vital signs. Lesson 1 - Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia - GenTHigh GenTHigh Computer Wiz Academy: pin. Survival Ready Blog, Outdoor Survival Gear & Skills, SHTF. May 08, 2019 Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs; stethoscope,the different kinds of bp apparatus and thermometer Read More. How do you maintain the tools equipment and paraphernalia used in care giving coffeemaker? The best way to maintain tools, equipment and paraphernalia used with when caring for a coffeemaker is to clean them. Depending on the health history and familiarity with a patient, the taking of vital signs should be a standard procedure for all patients. Clinical indicators that highlight the need for an assessment of vital signs include dyspnea, hypertension, fatigue, syncope, chest pain, irregular heart rate, cyanosis, intermittent claudication, nausea, diaphoresis, and pedal edema. Maintain Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia These four common competencies are covered separately in four lessons. As shown below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one, two, or three learning outcomes: Lesson 1 – Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia LO1. Identify caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable.
Diagnostic Equipment for. Vital Signs Devices. The Welch Allyn Spot Vital Signs® monitor provides vital signs in seconds with hospital-grade technology.
noun
- 1treated as singular or pluralMiscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity.‘drills, saws, and other paraphernalia necessary for home improvements’
- ‘I would contend a crucial first step in the fight against bigotry is to ban the vendors outside the grounds who sell the paraphernalia which causes most offense.’
- ‘Despite all the tools and paraphernalia, many people feel that the most important ingredient is the Witch.’
- ‘Only most incidents pass unreported because they occur away from the ground and the accompanying paraphernalia of cameras and notebooks.’
- ‘Apart from the sponsor company's paraphernalia, there were big displays of chessboards.’
- ‘A party ensued, with marquees blasting out music and a market area selling drugs and festival paraphernalia such as glow sticks.’
- ‘They, in spite of the most expensive and elaborate defense paraphernalia of the US Government, feel defenseless.’
- ‘Through this, my dad slowly but surely built a reputation for quality and timely delivery of printed paraphernalia.’
- ‘Begrudgingly, the guru agreed and the priest left to collect the necessary paraphernalia.’
- ‘Various other bits and pieces of paraphernalia or equipment in the process can be a source of infection for Hep-C as well.’
- ‘But it must go much farther than merely banning the sale of paramilitary paraphernalia near the club grounds.’
- ‘We still have the human resources at all levels and we still have the equipment and paraphernalia for general elections.’
- ‘Both of my boys have been raised around computer paraphernalia and tools.’
- ‘Various other equipment and military paraphernalia have been found in the area over the years.’
- ‘A UN flag and an Indian flag now form part of his paraphernalia in the travel kit.’
- ‘Around £2,000 cash was also found along with drug paraphernalia including scales and cutting boards.’
- ‘Drug paraphernalia and empty wine bottles lay strewn among layers of rotting food, dirty cardboard boxes and stinking blankets.’
- ‘Of course, no one could prove that, as he had all of the necessary ID, credit cards, and other paraphernalia.’
- ‘At one event, a giant Christmas cracker had been lowered to the ground containing all manner of party paraphernalia including party balloons and hats.’
- ‘Pro shooters walk around with those funny khaki vests with large pockets all over them stuffed with paraphernalia and lenses.’
- ‘Items on auction include left over shop stock, fittings, computer equipment and other environmental paraphernalia.’
equipment, stuff, things, apparatus, tackle, kit, implements, tools, utensils, material, materials, appliances, rig, outfit, accoutrements, appurtenances, impedimenta, miscellaneous articles, odds and ends, bits and pieces, bits and bobs, trappings, accessoriesView synonyms- 1.1Trappings associated with a particular institution or activity that are regarded as superfluous.
- ‘Though these comforts are the paraphernalia associated with aristocrats, priority for the same assumes a logic.’
- ‘At the focus of the pueblo was a large plaza in which was a great kiva flanked by rectangular rooms, possibly storerooms for food and ritual paraphernalia.’
- ‘He looked around pointedly at the ritual paraphernalia which surrounded us.’
- ‘The basic paraphernalia associated with a Mumbai beachside is in the Temple City, albeit for a limited period.’
- ‘The theatre and paraphernalia of church ritual were rejected, as was the distinction between clergy and laity.’
- ‘Most of the paraphernalia we have come to associate with funerals today is of Victorian invention and aesthetic.’
belongings, luggage, baggage, effects, supplies, provisions, trappings, appurtenances, impedimentaView synonyms
Origin
Mid 17th century (denoting property owned by a married woman): from medieval Latin, based on Greek parapherna ‘property apart from a dowry’, from para ‘distinct from’ + pherna (from phernē ‘dower’).
Pronunciation
Vital signs | |
---|---|
Medical diagnostics | |
An anesthetic machine with integrated systems for monitoring of several vital parameters, including blood pressure and heart rate | |
Purpose | assess the general physical health of a person |
Vital signs (often shortened to just vitals) are a group of the 4 to 6 most important signs that indicate the status of the body’s vital (life-sustaining) functions. These measurements are taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery.[1][2] The normal ranges for a person’s vital signs vary with age, weight, gender, and overall health.[3]
There are four primary vital signs: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse (heart rate), and breathing rate (respiratory rate), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. However, depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other measurements called the 'fifth vital sign' or 'sixth vital sign'. Vital signs are recorded using the LOINC internationally accepted standard coding system.[4][5]
Early warning scores have been proposed that combine the individual values of vital signs into a single score. This was done in recognition that deteriorating vital signs often precede cardiac arrest and/or admission to the intensive care unit. Used appropriately, a rapid response team can assess and treat a deteriorating patient and prevent adverse outcomes.[6][7][8]
- 1Primary vital signs
- 2Other signs
Primary vital signs[edit]
There are four primary vital signs which are standard in most medical settings:
- Heart rate or Pulse
The equipment needed is a thermometer, a sphygmomanometer, and a watch. Though a pulse can be taken by hand, a stethoscope may be required for a patient with a very weak pulse.
Temperature[edit]
Temperature recording gives an indication of core body temperature which is normally tightly controlled (thermoregulation) as it affects the rate of chemical reactions. Body temperature is maintained through a balance of the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body.
Temperature can be recorded in order to establish a baseline for the individual's normal body temperature for the site and measuring conditions. The main reason for checking body temperature is to solicit any signs of systemic infection or inflammation in the presence of a fever (temp > 38.5 °C/101.3 °F or sustained temp > 38 °C/100.4 °F), or elevated significantly above the individual's normal temperature. Other causes of elevated temperature include hyperthermia. Fallout 4 magazines mod.
Temperature depression (hypothermia) also needs to be evaluated. It is also noteworthy to review the trend of the patient's temperature. A fever of 38 °C is not necessarily indicate an ominous sign if the patient's previous temperature has been higher.
Pulse[edit]
The pulse is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through the arteries, recorded as beats per minute (bpm). It may also be called 'heart rate'. The pulse is commonly taken at the wrist (radial artery). Alternative sites include the elbow (brachial artery), the neck (carotid artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), or in the foot (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries). The pulse rate can also be measured by listening directly to the heartbeat using a stethoscope. The pulse varies with age: a newborn or infant can have a heart rate of 130–150 bpm, a toddler of 100–120 bpm, an older child of 60–100 bpm, an adolescent of 80–100 bpm, and an adult of 50–80 bpm.
Respiratory rate[edit]
Average respiratory rates vary between ages, but the normal reference range for people age 18 to 65 is 16–20 breaths per minute.[9] The value of respiratory rate as an indicator of potential respiratory dysfunction has been investigated but findings suggest it is of limited value. Respiratory rate is a clear indicator of acidotic states, as the main function of respiration is removal of CO2 leaving bicarbonate base in circulation.
Blood pressure[edit]
The blood pressure is recorded as two readings: a high systolic pressure, which occurs during the maximal contraction of the heart, and the lower diastolic or resting pressure. A normal blood pressure would be 120 being the systolic over 80, the diastolic. Usually the blood pressure is read from the left arm unless there is some damage to the arm. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the pulse pressure. The measurement of these pressures is now usually done with an aneroid or electronic sphygmomanometer. The classic measurement device is a mercury sphygmomanometer, using a column of mercury measured off in millimeters. In the United States and UK, the common form is millimeters of mercury, whilst elsewhere SI units of pressure are used. There is no natural 'normal' value for blood pressure, but rather a range of values that on increasing are associated with increased risks. The guideline acceptable reading also takes into account other co-factors for disease. Therefore, elevated blood pressure (hypertension) is variously defined when the systolic number is persistently over 140–160 mmHg. Low blood pressure is hypotension. Blood pressures are also taken at other portions of the extremities. These pressures are called segmental blood pressures and are used to evaluate blockage or arterial occlusion in a limb (see Ankle brachial pressure index).
Other signs[edit]
In the U.S., in addition to the above four, many providers are required or encouraged by government technology-in-medicine laws to record the patient's height, weight, and body mass index.[10] Unlike the traditional vital signs, these measurements are not useful for assessing acute changes in state because of the rate at which they change; however, they are useful for assessing the impact of prolonged illness or chronic health problems.
The definition of vital signs may also vary with the setting of the assessment. EMTs (Emergency Medical Technicians), in particular, are taught to measure the vital signs of: respiration, pulse, skin, pupils, and blood pressure as 'the 5 vital signs' in a non-hospital setting.[11]
Fifth vital signs[edit]
The 'fifth vital sign' may refer to a few different parameters.
- Pain is considered a standard fifth vital sign in some organizations such as the U.S. Veterans Affairs.[12] Pain is measured on a 0-10 pain scale based on subjective patient reporting and may be unreliable.[13] Some studies show that recording pain routinely may not change management.[14][15][16]
- Menstrual cycle[17][18]
- Oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximetry)[19][20][21]
- Blood Glucose level [22]
Sixth vital signs[edit]
There is no standard 'sixth vital sign'; its use is more informal and discipline-dependent than the above.
- End-tidal CO
2.[23][24] - Functional status[25]
- Shortness of breath[26]
- Gait speed[27]
- Delirium [28]
Variations by age[edit]
Stage | Approximate age | Systolic | Diastolic | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | Typical example | Range | Typical example | ||
Infants | 1 to 12 months | 75-100[29] | 85 | 50–70[29] | 60 |
Toddlers | 1 to 4 years | 80-110[29] | 95 | 50–80[29] | 65 |
Preschoolers | 3 to 5 years | 80-110[29] | 95 | 50–80[29] | 65 |
School age | 6 to 13 years | 85-120[29] | 100 | 55–80[29] | 65 |
Adolescents | 13 to 18 years | 95-140[29] | 115 | 60–90[29] | 75 |
Children and infants have respiratory and heart rates that are faster than those of adults as shown in the following table:
Age | Normal heart rate (beats per minute) | Normal respiratory rate (breaths per minute) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Range[30] | Typical example | Range[31] | Typical example | |
Newborn | 100–160[32] | 130 | 30–50 | 40 |
0–5 months | 90–150 | 120 | 25–40 | 30 |
6–12 months | 80–140 | 110 | 20–30 | 25 |
1–3 years | 80–130 | 105 | 20–30 | 25 |
3–5 years | 80–120 | 100 | 20–30 | 25 |
6–10 years | 70–110 | 90 | 15–30 | 20 |
11–14 years | 60–105 | 80 | 12–20 | 16 |
15–20 years | 60–100 | 80 | 12–30[citation needed] | 20 |
Monitoring[edit]
Monitoring of vital parameters most commonly includes at least blood pressure and heart rate, and preferably also pulse oximetry and respiratory rate. Multimodal monitors that simultaneously measure and display the relevant vital parameters are commonly integrated into the bedside monitors in intensive care units, and the anesthetic machines in operating rooms. These allow for continuous monitoring of a patient, with medical staff being continuously informed of the changes in general condition of a patient.
While monitoring has traditionally been done by nurses and doctors, a number of companies are developing devices which can be used by consumers themselves. These include Scanadu and Azoi.
Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Caregiving Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs
- ^'Vital Signs'.
- ^http://www.emergencycareforyou.org/VitalCareMagazine/ER101/Default.aspx?id=500
- ^'Vital Signs Table - ProHealthSys'.
- ^'Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes'.
- ^'LOINC - A Lingua Franca Critical for Electronic Medical Records and Health Information Exchange'.
- ^National Early Warning Score Development and Implementation Group (NEWSDIG) (2012). National Early Warning Score (NEWS): standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. London: Royal College of Physicians. ISBN978-1-86016-471-2.
- ^National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline 50: Acutely ill patients in hospital. London, 2007.
- ^'Acute care toolkit 6: the medical patient at risk: recognition and care of the seriously ill or deteriorating medical patient'(PDF). Royal College of Physicians of London. May 2013.
- ^(RCP 2012)[clarification needed]
- ^'What should I include when I record vital signs of my patients for MU? - Providers & Professionals - HealthIT.gov'.
- ^Emergency Care, 11th edition, pp. 226–244.
- ^http://www.va.gov/painmanagement/docs/toolkit.pdf
- ^Lorenz, Karl A.; Sherbourne, Cathy D.; Shugarman, Lisa R.; Rubenstein, Lisa V.; Wen, Li; Cohen, Angela; Goebel, Joy R.; Hagenmeier, Emily; Simon, Barbara; Lanto, Andy; Asch, Steven M. (1 May 2009). 'How Reliable is Pain as the Fifth Vital Sign?'. J Am Board Fam Med. 22 (3): 291–298. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.03.080162. PMID19429735 – via www.jabfm.org.
- ^'Tips From Other Journals - American Family Physician'.
- ^Mularski RA, White-Chu F, Overbay D, Miller L, Asch SM, Ganzini L (2006). 'Measuring pain as the 5th vital sign does not improve quality of pain management'. J Gen Intern Med. 21 (6): 607–12. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00415.x. PMC1924634. PMID16808744.
- ^http://www.pain-initiative-un.org/doc-center/en/docs/The%20Fifth%20Vital%20Sign%20Implementation.pdf
- ^American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). 'Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. Committee Opinion No. 651'. Obstet Gynecol. 126: 143–6.
- ^American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Adolescent Health Care. (2006). 'Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign'. Pediatrics. 118 (5).CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^Mower W, Myers G, Nicklin E, Kearin K, Baraff L, Sachs C (1998). 'Pulse oximetry as a fifth vital sign in emergency geriatric assessment'. Acad Emerg Med. 5 (9): 858–65. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02813.x. PMID9754497.
- ^Mower W, Sachs C, Nicklin E, Baraff L (1997). 'Pulse oximetry as a fifth pediatric vital sign'. Pediatrics. 99 (5): 681–6. CiteSeerX10.1.1.575.2200. doi:10.1542/peds.99.5.681. PMID9113944.
- ^Neff T (1988). 'Routine oximetry. A fifth vital sign?'. Chest. 94 (2): 227. doi:10.1378/chest.94.2.227a. PMID3396392.
- ^'Mining Vital Signs from Wearable Healthcare Device via Nonlinear Machine Learning'. University of Hull. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
- ^Vardi A, Levin I, Paret G, Barzilay Z (2000). 'The sixth vital sign: end-tidal CO2 in pediatric trauma patients during transport'. Harefuah. 139 (3–4): 85–7, 168. PMID10979461.
- ^Holcomb JB, Salinas J, McManus JM, Miller CC, Cooke WH, Convertino VA (2005). 'Manual vital signs reliably predict need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients'. J Trauma. 59 (4): 821–8, discussion 828–9. doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000188125.44129.7c. PMID16374268.
- ^Bierman A (2001). 'Functional Status: The Sixth Vital Sign'. J Gen Intern Med. 16 (11): 785–6. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10918.x. PMC1495293. PMID11722694.
- ^'Nursing care of dyspnea: the 6th vital sign in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)'. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Archived from the original on 2009-01-17. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^Studenski S, Perera S, Wallace D, et al. (2003). 'Physical performance measures in the clinical setting'. J Am Geriatr Soc. 51 (9): 314–322. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x. PMID12588574.
- ^https://www.jamda.com/article/S1525-8610(08)00072-8/fulltext
- ^ abcdefghijPEDIATRIC AGE SPECIFIC, page 6. Revised 6/10. By Theresa Kirkpatrick and Kateri Tobias. UCLA Health System
- ^Emergency Care, Page 214
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- ^Vorvick, Linda. 'Pulse'. MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
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What Are The Different Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs
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What are vital signs?
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions. The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care providers include the following:
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- Body temperature
- Pulse rate
- Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
- Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not considered a vital sign, but is often measured along with the vital signs.)
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Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. Vital signs can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere.
What is body temperature?
The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on gender, recent activity, food and fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of the menstrual cycle. Normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F (or Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or Celsius) to 99 degrees F (37.2 degrees C) for a healthy adult. A person's body temperature can be taken in any of the following ways:
- Orally. Temperature can be taken by mouth using either the classic glass thermometer, or the more modern digital thermometers that use an electronic probe to measure body temperature.
- Rectally. Temperatures taken rectally (using a glass or digital thermometer) tend to be 0.5 to 0.7 degrees F higher than when taken by mouth.
- Axillary. Temperatures can be taken under the arm using a glass or digital thermometer. Temperatures taken by this route tend to be 0.3 to 0.4 degrees F lower than those temperatures taken by mouth.
- By ear. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which reflects the body's core temperature (the temperature of the internal organs).
- By skin. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the skin on the forehead.
Body temperature may be abnormal due to fever (high temperature) or hypothermia (low temperature). A fever is indicated when body temperature rises about one degree or more over the normal temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Hypothermia is defined as a drop in body temperature below 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
About glass thermometers containing mercury
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, mercury is a toxic substance that poses a threat to the health of humans, as well as to the environment. Because of the risk of breaking, glass thermometers containing mercury should be removed from use and disposed of properly in accordance with local, state, and federal laws. Contact your local health department, waste disposal authority, or fire department for information on how to properly dispose of mercury thermometers.
What is the pulse rate?
The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following:
- Heart rhythm
- Strength of the pulse
The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience no problems.
How to check your pulse
As the heart forces blood through the arteries, you feel the beats by firmly pressing on the arteries, which are located close to the surface of the skin at certain points of the body. The pulse can be found on the side of the neck, on the inside of the elbow, or at the wrist. For most people, it is easiest to take the pulse at the wrist. If you use the lower neck, be sure not to press too hard, and never press on the pulses on both sides of the lower neck at the same time to prevent blocking blood flow to the brain. When taking your pulse:
- Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the arteries until you feel a pulse.
- Begin counting the pulse when the clock's second hand is on the 12.
- Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to calculate beats per minute).
- When counting, do not watch the clock continuously, but concentrate on the beats of the pulse.
- If unsure about your results, ask another person to count for you.
If your doctor has ordered you to check your own pulse and you are having difficulty finding it, consult your doctor or nurse for additional instruction.
What is the respiration rate?
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing.
Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 12 to 16 breaths per minute.
What is blood pressure?
Tools&equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls.
Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number, or systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as 'mm Hg' (millimeters of mercury). This recording represents how high the mercury column in an old-fashioned manual blood pressure device (called a mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer) is raised by the pressure of the blood. Today, your doctor's office is more likely to use a simple dial for this measurement.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, directly increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood.
Blood pressure is categorized as normal, elevated, or stage 1 or stage 2 high blood pressure:
- Normal blood pressure is systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80 (120/80)
- Elevated blood pressure is systolic of 120 to 129 and diastolic less than 80
- Stage 1 high blood pressure is systolic is 130 to 139 or diastolic between 80 to 89
- Stage 2 high blood pressure is when systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher
These numbers should be used as a guide only. A single blood pressure measurement that is higher than normal is not necessarily an indication of a problem. Your doctor will want to see multiple blood pressure measurements over several days or weeks before making a diagnosis of high blood pressure and starting treatment. Ask your provider when to contact him or her if your blood pressure readings are not within the normal range.
Why should I monitor my blood pressure at home?
For people with hypertension, home monitoring allows your doctor to monitor how much your blood pressure changes during the day, and from day to day. This may also help your doctor determine how effectively your blood pressure medication is working.
What special equipment is needed to measure blood pressure?
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Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs Video
Either an aneroid monitor, which has a dial gauge and is read by looking at a pointer, or a digital monitor, in which the blood pressure reading flashes on a small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure.
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About the aneroid monitor
The aneroid monitor is less expensive than the digital monitor. The cuff is inflated by hand by squeezing a rubber bulb. Some units even have a special feature to make it easier to put the cuff on with one hand. However, the unit can be easily damaged and become less accurate. Because the person using it must listen for heartbeats with the stethoscope, it may not be appropriate for the hearing-impaired.
About the digital monitor
The digital monitor is automatic, with the measurements appearing on a small screen. Because the recordings are easy to read, this is the most popular blood pressure measuring device. It is also easier to use than the aneroid unit, and since there is no need to listen to heartbeats through the stethoscope, this is a good device for hearing-impaired patients. One disadvantage is that body movement or an irregular heart rate can change the accuracy. These units are also more expensive than the aneroid monitors.
About finger and wrist blood pressure monitors
Tests have shown that finger and/or wrist blood pressure devices are not as accurate in measuring blood pressure as other types of monitors. In addition, they are more expensive than other monitors.
Tools Equipment And Paraphernalia For Taking Vital Signs Respiration
Before you measure your blood pressure:
The American Heart Association recommends the following guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring:
- Don't smoke or drink coffee for 30 minutes before taking your blood pressure.
- Go to the bathroom before the test.
- Relax for 5 minutes before taking the measurement.
- Sit with your back supported (don't sit on a couch or soft chair). Keep your feet on the floor uncrossed. Place your arm on a solid flat surface (like a table) with the upper part of the arm at heart level. Place the middle of the cuff directly above the bend of the elbow. Check the monitor's instruction manual for an illustration.
- Take multiple readings. When you measure, take 2 to 3 readings one minute apart and record all the results.
- Take your blood pressure at the same time every day, or as your healthcare provider recommends.
- Record the date, time, and blood pressure reading.
- Take the record with you to your next medical appointment. Dj mixer express for windows keygen crack. If your blood pressure monitor has a built-in memory, simply take the monitor with you to your next appointment.
- Call your provider if you have several high readings. Don't be frightened by a single high blood pressure reading, but if you get several high readings, check in with your healthcare provider.
- When blood pressure reaches a systolic (top number) of 180 or higher OR diastolic (bottom number) of 110 or higher, seek emergency medical treatment.
Ask your doctor or another healthcare professional to teach you how to use your blood pressure monitor correctly. Have the monitor routinely checked for accuracy by taking it with you to your doctor's office. It is also important to make sure the tubing is not twisted when you store it and keep it away from heat to prevent cracks and leaks.
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Proper use of your blood pressure monitor will help you and your doctor in monitoring your blood pressure.